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The engineer Philo of Byzantium (fl. 146 BC) is said to have written the work entitled Peri ton hepta theamiton (Concerning the Seven Wonders of the World), although it may actually date from the Roman Empire. In his enumeration of the monuments the Pharos of Alexandria replaces the Walls of Babylon, which various later writers have listed together with the Hanging Gardens. Among other authors who described the seven wonders were Herodotus (5th century BC), Diodorus (1st century BC), and Strabo and Pliny the Elder (both 1st century AD.). The Pergamum Altar has also been included as one of the wonders. All those cited were visited during the Hellenistic Age (323-149 BC) and remained the most famous attractions of the Roman world. They can be reconstructed from archaeological evidence.

Wednesday, March 12, 2008

The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus


One of the Seven Wonders of the World, the monumental Temple of Artemis (Artemesion) at Ephesus, an Ionian city in Anatolia, was erected (C.560 BC) by the architects Chersiphron and Metagenes. The original colonnaded temple was burned (356 BC) and the Goths destroyed (AD 263) a rebuilt temple.


The Artemision, or Temple of Artemis (Diana), at Ephesus in Ionia was famous since c.560 BC, when a monumental temple was erected by Chersiphron and his son Metagenes of Crete. Its base measured 115 X 55 m (377 X 180 ft), and the roofless, colonnaded interior housed a primitive statue of Artemis. The columns of the porch carried reliefs of mythical characters and inscriptions recording donations by King Croesus (r. 560-546 BC) of Lydia. The original Artemision, reportedly the finest example of early Ionic architecture, burned in the rebellion of 356 BC; it was rebuilt on a higher base and decorated by Scopas and Apelles. The temple was finally destroyed by the Goths in AD 263. Roman copies of the bizarre, mummylike statue survive.

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