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The engineer Philo of Byzantium (fl. 146 BC) is said to have written the work entitled Peri ton hepta theamiton (Concerning the Seven Wonders of the World), although it may actually date from the Roman Empire. In his enumeration of the monuments the Pharos of Alexandria replaces the Walls of Babylon, which various later writers have listed together with the Hanging Gardens. Among other authors who described the seven wonders were Herodotus (5th century BC), Diodorus (1st century BC), and Strabo and Pliny the Elder (both 1st century AD.). The Pergamum Altar has also been included as one of the wonders. All those cited were visited during the Hellenistic Age (323-149 BC) and remained the most famous attractions of the Roman world. They can be reconstructed from archaeological evidence.

Wednesday, March 12, 2008

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus


The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus,Ionia, was erected (C.352 BC) to commemorate the death of the satrap (overlord) Mausolus. One of the Seven Wonders of the World, the grandiose white marble tomb, ornamented with a frieze and other sculptural works, was surmounted by a 24-step pyramid, upon which stood a chariot. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus is the origin of the word mausoleum


The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, in Ionia, has given its name to all subsequent tomb monuments. Mausolus, satrap of Caria, was honored with this tomb by his queen, Artemisia (d. 350 BC). The architects Satyros and Pythios designed a templelike marble tomb with an Ionic colonnade on a high base surrounded by lions; the roof was a 24-step pyramid on the peak of which stood a chariot. The famous sculptors Timotheus, Bryaxis, Leochares, and Scopas created the friezeัdepicting Amazons battling heroesัwhich is now in the British Museum. The site on which the mausoleum stood was excavated in 1857; the medieval castle at Bodrum, Turkey, contains many fragments from it.

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